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Homeopathic remedies are made from all the kingdoms of nature; any substance can be used.
Each substance has different characteristics which involves individual treatment to prepare the initial tincture (known as 'Mother Tincture'). Hahnemann took an original substance and made a solution in either water or alcohol by either soaking or boiling. This solution was then filtered and the remaining liquid was the Mother Tincture. This could take as long as a week, a month or two to three months to achieve.
Substances that are insoluble in their pure state (Silica being one example are titurated (ground up) with milk sugar (lactose) for an hour to three hours (or however long it takes) to render them soluble.
For more about the various substances used in homeopathic remedies and how they are turned into mother tinctures, see www.alternativa.cz/book/hocu4.htm
To prepare 1x - take one drop of tincture and add nine drops of distilled water (a small percentage of alcohol is added in place of water to preserve, if necessary).
To prepare a 2x, you take one drop 1x and add 9 drops of diluent (the same as you used to make the 1x). You then succuss (shake/rap) - how many times depends on the person's sensitivity - can be anything from 2 to 10 (two being for the really sensitive). Succussion helps the 'energy' that's within the substance to be released. (The more dilutions and the more succussions, the stronger the remedy.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succussion
Succussion is a method of potentising soluble drug substances concieved by Hahnemann. The drug substances may be in water / alcohol / mixture of both. In general, the alcohol is used in most of the cases, except where drug is only soluble in water. In making liquid attenuations or dilutions, the shaking is necessary with definite proportions of water, alcohol or the mixture of the both, for a set number of times or minutes for preparation of the next higher potency. Hahnemann mentioned to make attenuations by hand process only. Hahnemann himself made the potencies up to 60 centisimal.
The process of succussion is different from simple mixing and agitating. Hahnemann's succussion process was invented during the renaissance period of 18th century. At a dilution of 1 part in 1024, corresponding to potencies of 12 Centicimal or 24 Decimal, the Avogadro limit has been reached, beyond which there is on average less than one molecule of medicine per mole of dilutant. Thus some doses may have no molecules of the original substance.
For succussion Hahnemann uses 10 ten strokes with equal velocity with measured strength as a necessity, gripping the vial in one hand and striking on the other palm as vigourously as possible.
To prepare a 3x, take one drop of 2x and repeat as before, not forgetting of course to succuss.
The 'x' is known as the decimal scale and the following is a guide:
1x: 1 part in 10
2x: 1 part in 100
3x: 1 part in 1000
4x: 1 part in 10,000
5x: 1 part in 100,000
6x: 1 part in 1,000,000
10x: 1 part in 10,000,000,000
20x: 1 part in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000
Low potencies range from 1x to 11x (although some say 12x).
The 'c' is known as the centesimal scale.
For the 'c' potencies the dilution is one drop of the mother tincture to 99 drops of diluent.
1c: 1 part in 100
2c: 1 part in 10,000
3c: 1 part in 1,000,000
4c: 1 part in 100,000,000
5c: 1 part in 10,000,000,000
10c: 1 part in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000
20c: 1 part in 10,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
30c: 1 part in 1,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Low potencies range from 1c to 12c.
The 'm' is known as the millesimal scale.
For the 'm' potencies the dilution is one drop of the mother tincture to 999 drops of diluent.
1m is 1 part in 1000.
The 'LM' potency or 'Q' (as Hahnemann called it, for quinquagenimmillesimas scale). These are denoted as 0/1, 0/2, 0/5 etc. The remedies are diluted at the ratio of 1:50,000 and succussed 100 shakes/raps at each potentizing step.
The following is an extract from David Little's article in WholeHealthNow
For a fuller explanation on dilutions and the making of homeopathic remedies, see: www.herbs2000.com/homeopathy